Stamped from the Beginning

the connection between lightness and Whiteness and reason, on the one hand, and between darkness and Blackness and ignorance, on the other

Europeans had rediscovered learning after a thousand years in religious darkness,

He pointed out that the so-called just wars between Africans were actually instigated by European slave-traders drumming up demand for captives

Blair used profits from slave labor to found the College of William & Mary in 1693, the colonies’ second college

From their arrival around 1619, African people had illegally resisted legal slavery. They had thus been stamped from the beginning as criminals

Boston News-Letter, the second newspaper in colonial America,

Virginia’s 1705 code mandated that planters provide freed White servants with fifty acres of land. The resulting White prosperity was then attributed to White superiority

history: Black property legally or illegally seized; the resulting Black destitution blamed on Black inferiority

new racist codes to prevent revolts and secure human property up and down the Atlantic Coast

King William approved, and an all-star cast of ministers signed up to become founding members of the Church of England’s first systematic effort to spread its views in the colonies