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David Spiegelhalter

The Art of Statistics

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  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    the overall rate for all births in the US in 2013 was 8%, while the rate in black women was 13%, a notable difference between races.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    shows that we would expect 1.7% of babies in this group to be low birth weight – in fact the actual number was 14,170 (1.3%), in close agreement with the prediction from the normal curve.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    medical rather than statistical reasons, babies below 2,500 g are considered ‘low birth weight’, and those below 1,500 g ‘very low birth weight’.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    11th percentile, which means that 11% of full-term babies born to non-Hispanic white women will weigh less – Figure 3.2(d) shows this 11% as a light grey shaded area.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    the 25th and 75th percentiles (3,791 g) are known as the quartiles, and the distance between them (624 g), known as the inter-quartile range, is a measure of the spread of the distribution.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    around 1.2 standard deviations below the mean – this is also known as her Z-score, which simply measures how many standard deviations a data-point is from the mean.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    95% of
    the population will be contained in the interval given by the mean ± two standard deviations, and 99.8% in the central ± three standard deviations.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    the difference is that terms such as mean and standard deviation are known as statistics when describing a set of data, and parameters when describing a population.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    Other, less natural phenomena may have population distributions that are distinctly non-normal and often feature a long right-hand-tail, income being a classic example.
  • Samyam Aryalhas quoted3 years ago
    The smooth normal curve and the histogram are gratifyingly close, and other complex traits such as height and cognitive skills also have approximately normal population distributions.
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